The mansion-houses of Naxos Town, or Chora, stand as a testament to the island’s historical wealth, prosperity, and cultural fusion. These grand residences were typically home to the bourgeoisie, a social class that emerged in the medieval period and sought to build impressive homes that reflected both their status and their influence. The design and structure of these mansions combine functionality with artistry, offering a glimpse into the lifestyle of Naxos’ elite families.
The typical mansion in Naxos Chora was divided into two main levels: the ground floor and the upper storey. The ground floor, often with low ceilings, served as a functional space for daily activities and was usually made up of storage areas, a modest living space, and sometimes an area for work or domestic chores. On the upper storey, the living quarters were located, where the family would spend most of their time. The upper floor was much more spacious, and great care was taken in its design and decoration.
Layout and Design of Mansion-Houses
The central feature of these mansions was the drawing-room, which was large, airy, and centrally located. This room often served as the focal point of the house and was typically positioned at the heart of the upper storey. The drawing-room was not only spacious but also elegantly decorated, showcasing the family’s wealth and social standing. Off to either side of the central drawing-room, the bedrooms and kitchen were located, each with their own functional design and size. The rooms were designed for both privacy and comfort, with the kitchen often placed away from the main living areas to minimize noise and disruption.
One of the most striking features of these mansions was the use of wooden beams, typically made from long, sturdy cypress trees, to support the upper floor. These beams were not only functional but also contributed to the aesthetic appeal of the mansion. The wooden ceiling, especially in the drawing-room, was often highly detailed, with decorative elements that reflected the artistic tastes of the period. Meanwhile, the floors of the mansion were often covered with gleaming white tiles made from Naxian marble, a material that was locally sourced and highly prized for its durability and elegance. The tiles, square in shape, were often laid diagonally, creating a visually striking effect in the spacious rooms.
External Decoration and Symbolism
Externally, the mansion-houses in Naxos Town were less ornate than the interior, but they still featured some distinctive and symbolic decorative elements. The most prominent external feature was the ornate lintel above the entrance, which was often intricately carved and featured symbolic motifs. These decorations were typically made from locally sourced marble and showcased the artistry of Naxos’ craftsmen. Additionally, the family’s coat of arms was often prominently displayed above the entrance, sculpted in fine marble and providing a clear indication of the mansion’s prestigious status.
The insignia or coat of arms carved into the facade of the house was a symbol of the family’s power and social standing. These coats of arms typically included various symbols of authority and heritage, such as the fleur-de-lis, a triple tiara, eagles, flowers, rosettes, and often included the name of the head of the family and significant dates, such as the year the house was built. These symbols were not only decorative but also served as a statement of the family’s noble lineage and importance.
The main entrance to these mansion-houses was a focal point, designed with particular attention to detail. The entrance was often flanked by marble pilasters, tall and slender columns that added grandeur and elegance to the building’s exterior. Above the entrance, decorative sculptures were common, with ornate cornices and pediments that framed the doorway, further emphasizing the importance of the structure.
Mansions Inside and Outside the Kastro
While the mansions within the Kastro, or the Venetian castle, had a more fortress-like appearance, they were also highly functional and carefully designed. These houses, constructed in the medieval period, were designed for defense as much as for comfort, which is reflected in their bulk and the small, fortified windows that dot their facades. The thick walls of these houses, built for protection, also give them a solid, imposing presence. In contrast to the severity of the architecture inside the Kastro, the mansions located outside the castle walls were less austere and more decorative. These homes often featured more luxurious details, such as decorative facades and ornate balconies, highlighting the influence of Venetian architecture and the greater freedom in design afforded to the wealthier families who lived outside the fortifications.
The mansions inside the Kastro, while more practical and defensive in nature, still retained their elegance through the inclusion of sculpted coats of arms and finely crafted entranceways. These houses often displayed the wealth and power of their Venetian owners through subtle yet meaningful design elements. For example, on the facades of many of these houses, the flagstaff for the Venetian nobleman’s standard was proudly displayed, symbolizing both authority and allegiance to the Venetian Empire.
Cultural Fusion and Legacy
The mansion-houses of Naxos Town are not only important examples of architectural grandeur but also serve as reminders of the island’s complex and rich history. The Venetian influence, combined with the local Greek traditions, created a unique architectural style that reflected the island’s shifting political and cultural landscape. The details and decorations of these mansions, from the marble pilasters to the symbolic coats of arms, represent a fusion of art, culture, and power that characterized Naxos during its most prosperous periods.
Today, many of these mansion-houses have been preserved and restored, offering a glimpse into the island’s architectural past. Visitors to Naxos Town can still admire the intricate details and grandiose design of these historic homes, which serve as a testament to the artistic and architectural achievements of the past. Whether inside the fortified walls of the Kastro or in the more decorative mansions outside, these buildings continue to tell the story of Naxos’ aristocratic families and their enduring legacy.
The mansion-houses of Naxos Town stand as remarkable examples of the island’s architectural heritage, offering insights into the wealth and power of the families who lived there. With their distinctive layouts, rich decorations, and symbolic elements, these homes remain an important part of the island’s cultural and architectural legacy. Through their carefully planned designs, the mansions of Naxos continue to captivate visitors, showcasing a harmonious blend of function, luxury, and historical significance that defines the beauty of Naxos Town.